Before the flop is where it all starts; you are dealt your cards and you are able to make your first decision in the hand. Preflop play is not as complex as other betting rounds due to the fact that the hand is in its very early stages.

Winning Poker Strategy Starts Before the Flop is Dealt

If you regularly find yourself in tricky spots in poker games – the root cause could be the way you are approaching the game before the flop. This guide focuses on the details of a solid, winning pre-flop poker strategy. Picking the right cards to play is essential, though there is a lot more to pre-flop poker to this. Players make mistakes with position, odds, putting opponents on ranges and stack sizes.

• It’s usually correct to be very aggressive when holding A-K before the flop. After all, it’s a favourite over everything bar pocket pairs, and even then it’s usually just a coin-flip. The hand is only ever in really bad trouble against K-K (approx 30% to win) and A-A (8-11% to win).
• If you do see a flop, you will also need to know what the odds are of either you or your opponent improving a hand. In poker terminology, an “out” is any card that will improve a player’s hand after the flop. One common occurrence is when a player holds two suited cards and two cards of the same suit appear on the flop.

Here is what you will find in this detailed guide to pre-flop poker mistakes:

• Pre-Flop Hand Selection: What cards to play, and which ones to avoid
• Position: Where you will act in the betting (both in order of play and in relation to the pre-flop raiser) is a vital concept.
• Bet Sizing: Some common mistakes which novice players make with their bet sizing before the flop.
• Putting Opponents on a Range: How does your hand do against the kind of hands specific opponents raise?
• Pre-Flop Mistakes in Poker Tournaments: Specific advice during different stages of multi-table tournaments
• Wrap Up: Bringing the different factors together

Selecting the Right Hands Pre-Flop

The single biggest mistake new players make in pre-flop poker is to play too many hands. At the lower buy-ins, you will often find multi-way flops, where 4 or 5 players are seeing the community cards each time. Not only does this waste money when you fail to connect, it creates situations where you are unsure of what hands your opponents might hold.

A better strategy is to select a range of hands which are ahead of the average holdings your opponent’s choose – and to be selectively aggressive when you play them. As you will see in the section below, your position at the table will have a big influence on the types of hands you should play.

While you gain experience, it is important not to play hands which can put you in tricky spots after the flop. The concept of domination is important. If you play hands like Ace-Eight for example, you can be up against a pair higher than the eight when you flop this card. You can also find opponents with an ace and higher side-card when you flop the ace. This leads to tough decisions. Unless you flop 2-pair or better, you will be left guessing – and when the pot gets big, you are more often than not going to be behind.

It is important not to play hands which can put you in tricky spots after the flop.

Risky Hands Pre-Flop

Here are some of the risky types of hand that you should cut out of your range:

• Unsuited Broadway Cards: Hands like King-10 off-suit are risky, especially from early position or in multi-way pots.
• Ace-X Hands: With a kicker above 10, you can play these hands (much better for a raise), with a kicker lower than this, you take on significant risk. Fold unsuited ace-x hands to a raise and avoid them from early position.
• Suited Hands: Many novice players enter a pot with any two suited cards. This is suicidal over the long-run. Even if you make that rare flush or unlikely 2-pair, you will never know if you are ahead or behind.
• Small Pairs: These can be played for their set possibility. It is often a mistake to play them from early position – especially when the table is active, and you might not even get to see a flop.

Solid Pre-Flop Hand Selection

A better selection of hands which will avoid major mistakes includes the hands listed below. Again, keep in mind that you need a stronger range of hands from early position. If you are on the button and everyone has folded, you can use some riskier hands to steal the blinds.

• Premium Pairs: This is aces, kings and queens. They can be played aggressively from any position at the table. In lower buy-in games, don’t try to get tricky with them, if you can build a big pot before the flop, then go right ahead.
• Ace King / Ace-Queen: These high card hands are among the best poker hands when they are suited. Even when off-suit they have a lot of high-card strength. In games where opponents play a lot of aces with small kickers, they are even more valuable.
• Mid-Pairs: Nines through to Jacks can win pots unimproved, they can be played aggressively from position, though are not ideal for 3-betting with as they can’t stand a 4^th raise easily.
• Small Pairs: Play pairs under Eight either to steal or for set value. If you hit a 3^rd card on the flop, you will often have a hidden monster which can win a very big pot.
• Suited Aces: Any ace-x hand which is suited can be played for implied odds value. The ones with higher kickers can also win pots with high-card strength. Aces with 2-3-4-5 side-cards can also make small straights. If you enjoy playing ace-x hands, make sure you have some flush potential – folding the unsuited ones.
• Suited Connectors: These hands go from 4-5 suited to K-Q suited. The strength of these hands is that they can make both straights and flushes, which will be disguised. This type of hand is ideal when you can see a flop cheaply. Like the suited aces, they rely on implied odds to be profitable.

Position and Pre-Flop Poker Mistakes

Once you have a solid starting hand range, you can start to factor in your position in the betting. When you are one of the first players to act, you have little information about what your opponents hold (and whether they will raise). You also act first in the betting on the flop, turn and river.

This makes a big difference to how many hands you can profitably play.

For example, small pairs rely on hitting a set to be profitable. If you are in later position (the dealer button is ideal), and see a raise and a call, you can play this type of hand profitably. If you are one of the first players to act. You need to bet – and might get raised in one or more spots. This means you don’t have the correct odds to try and hit your set – and the hand needs to be folded. The same logic applies to suited aces and suited connectors.

You can adjust for position by playing a narrow range of hands (higher pairs, ace-king and ace-queen suited) and then add in hands for each spot closer to the dealer button. If you are one of the last few players to act, a wide range of hands can be used as a steal.

Position in relation to the pre-flop aggressor also needs to be factored in. Say two loose players from early position limp, and someone in middle position raises. You are on the button with a good (though not premium hand). Here you can expect at least one of the limpers to call. When they check to the raiser on the flop, this player will likely bet. Now you need to act before you know what the early position players will do. While you are ‘last’ in the betting, your position relative to the raiser is bad. If you call, and then face a re-raise from another player – you have found yourself in a tricky spot. You can avoid this pre-flop poker mistake by playing a tighter hand range when you see this type of situation occurring.

Pre-Flop Poker Mistakes: Bet Sizing Mistakes

How much someone bets is one of the best online poker tells. Many novice players vary their raise size depending on how strong their hands are. For example, someone might bet 3x the big blind with mid-strength hands, and 4x when they have a premium holding.

To avoid this error, I recommend you pick a raise size and stick with it – playing all of your opening range the same way.

Here are some other bet sizing pre-flop poker mistakes to look out for:

• Limping Aces / Kings: Many players like to trap with their strongest pre-flop holdings by limping and then re-raising if someone tries to take the pot. This can work, though has some risks. You might find five calls behind you and no raises, forcing you to guess how your opponents hit the board on many flops. You also give away the strength of your hand, especially if you raise when entering the pot with other hands. If you raise, observant opponents will know that you don’t have aces or kings – valuable information which could win them a big pot.
• Limping Too Many Hands: Some players limp a lot of their (loose) pre-flop range, and then call bets with them. This leads to situations where you have a lot of factors against you. Your range is capped (since you would have 4-bet with strong hands), you are out of position and your opponent has indicated that they like their hand.
• Calling Bets Without the Odds:Calling with too many hands is not a pre-flop poker winning strategy. Most players continuation bet, and unless you hit the flop hard, you will never know where you stand. You also cap your range by calling, again you’d be re-raising with strong hands. If you are hoping to hit a set or straight / flush draws, then you need to ensure that the stacks are deep enough to make this play profitable. You should not call more than bets without 12x the chips behind with pairs, and 25x the bet behind with suited aces or suited connectors.

Bet sizing errors made before the flop can easily snowball after the community cards are dealt. This leads to situation where you find yourself facing a big bet on the river – with no real idea of where you stand!

Bet sizing errors made before the flop can easily snowball after the community cards are dealt.

Putting Your Opponents on a Range Pre-FlopTight

A big mistake many players make before the flop is to focus only on their own cards. Even with a solid starting hand strategy, awareness of position and taking odds into account – you’ll need to think about what kind of hands different opponents are playing.

Poker Hand Calculator Pre Flop

This can get complex, and as you move up the stakes you’ll need to construct ranges for specific opponents. At a basic level, you can decide whether an opponent is tight or loose, and how tricky they play – and use this to assess their likely holdings.

Tight Players: Tight players are waiting for premium hands. This type might call with small pairs or suited connectors (when it is cheap to do so), though when they raise you can put them on a narrow range of the best hands. When a tight player re-raises before the flop, they may well only have queens, kings, aces or ace-king. When you are deciding which hands to profitably play, ask yourself how you do against this range.

Loose Players: Now you will see a huge range of hands played, this can be as wide as 50% of all starting hands, including any suited cards or unsuited high cards. Many small stakes players divide their range pre-flop. They limp with a wide range, raise with a smaller one, and re-raise with the types of hands that you might only call with. Flop betting is more important here, though you can certainly widen your own re-raising range to ‘isolate’ the worst offenders. Some of the loosest players will fold to a big bet pre-flop, though most will not. When you do isolate them, make sure you have a hand that is likely to be the best by showdown.

Tricky Players: Some opponents will play ‘backwards’, mistaking this for being deceptive. If someone raises a lot, then limps in later position with aces or kings, they are making a huge mistake. You can call with a wide range of high implied odds hands here and hope to out-flop them. Remember when these tricky players do raise, they will likely have hands that can’t stand too much pressure.

Pre-Flop Poker Mistakes in Tournaments

So far, the discussion assumed we were in a cash game with relatively deep stacks. If you are playing in a high-stakes poker tournament, there are some other factors to keep in mind. The most important of these is to keep stack-depth in mind – and adjust how you play accordingly.

In the later stages of a tournament, stacks can vary in size. Some opponents will only have 10x the big blind, while others have more than 100x. This leads to spots where ‘restealing’ pre-flop becomes a profitable play.

For example, it is folded to player A in the small blind, who opens for a raise. Player B in the big blind only has 8x the size of the big blind in her stack. This player then shoves all-in, putting player A to a decision.

Let’s use round numbers to look at the math.

If the blinds are 500 / 1000 and player B has 7000 chips left after posting the big blind. The pot is now 1000 (bb) + 500 (sb) + 500 (antes) + 1500 (raise from player A) = 3500 chips. Player B raised for 7k more, putting 10,500 chips out there. Player A needs to call 5,500 chips to play (almost 2/1 odds).

Almost every legitimate raising hand has plenty good enough odds to make this call. However, player A will expect to lose the majority of the time.

The mistake was the initial raise. If player A had gone all-in instead, the player in the big blind would not have had the opportunity to re-steal, and those extra chips would have gone to the aggressor.

Poker tournaments stack sizes determine pre-flop play in other ways too. When the bubble approaches, mid-sized and small stacks will tighten up – looking to reach the money before taking any risks. If you have a big stack, failing to raise a wide range of hands to put pressure on these stacks would be a mistake – you are leaving money on the table. A similar situation occurs just before the final table.

Wrapping Up: Components of a Solid Pre-Flop Strategy

Working on your pre-flop poker game will make a big difference to your profits. You will rarely win a big pot before the flop – though you can easily set up situations where you can lose them. A solid starting hand selection, which varies depending on your position at the table is the best place to get started. You need to take into account odds, plus your read on what the bet sizes of opponents mean.

Once you have mastered the basics, you’ll be able to adjust your pre-flop poker strategy for different situations. At this point, you’ll be ahead of most novice players, able to exploit their pre-flop poker mistakes to your advantage!

If you are a newbie to the game of Texas Holdem, you might be asking yourself why you should raise before the flop? It’s an important question to ask yourself, since there is significance to betting and raising in poker, which will inevitable have an impact on your win rate.

By knowing when to raise before seeing the flop, and knowing what you are trying to accomplish, it will be much easier to determine when you should be raising. So these are some of the main arguments in favor of raising pre flop.

Making a Raise for value

First and foremost, you should want to raise before the flop to get more value with your premium hands. This is a fundamental poker concept that should explain itself. If you think you have the best hand before the flop you want to try and build a bigger pot before you even see the flop, turn, and river.

Let’s say you hold a hand like TT+, AQ+. These are premium hands that you can be dealt pre flop and it’s extremely likely you have the best hand before the community cards have been dealt. So your goal is to raise before the flop to build a bigger pot so that you don’t give speculative hands a chance to just call and suck out on you.

Even when you are dealt AA and the best hand pre flop, you are the 80% favorite versus any other hands in holdem. Statistically, however, the value of the hand goes down drastically when there is more then one other caller seeing the flop. By raising with your big hands, it shows you have a strong hand, so fewer players are willing to call, giving yourself the best possible chance to win the hand against a weaker holding.

Raising to isolate weaker players

This is known as the isolation raise in no limit texas holdem. Generally hands that you would be raising from that position at the table are good enough to try and isolate with. If you have spotted a weaker player(s) at the table, then it will be profitable to isolate with a wider range against them, especially if they have a tendency to check/fold the flop a lot.

Usually the best time to raise to isolate an opponent is when a weaker player enters the pot by limping in. By raising a player who has already limped into the pot, you give yourself the opportunity to play against them in a heads-up pot. Raising for isolation can be hugely profitable, because weaker players tend to limp/call with too many hands, so when you have a made hand, you can just value bet them and win their stack.

Weaker players also tend to play in a very straightforward manner on the flop and on later streets. If they miss the flop, they will fold, or call when they catch a piece of the board. Because they are limp calling with such a wide range, they will be check folding the flop a good percentage of the time, so even when you miss the flop, a continuation bet will take down the pot most of the time. You have the advantage of continuation betting as a bluff because of your aggressive pre flop strategy.

Raising with the goal of stealing the blinds

Poker Hands Pre Flop Percentages

Although the general pre flop strategy is to raise for value and isolate weaker players with your premium hands, another tactic worth exploring is the concept of stealing the blinds. Even though the opportunity doesn’t always present itself in loose/passive full ring poker games, sometimes the action will fold around to you in late position.

Good Poker Hands Pre Flop

If you were in the cutoff or in the button and this happens, you never want to just call to see the flop, you should be looking to steal the blinds. Even if you do happen to get called, you get to act last post flop, giving you an inherent advantage over the other players. However, when playing against tighter players in the blinds, the raise in late position will take down the pot a lot of the time. Although it’s preferable to steal the blinds on the button, if the player on the button is passive, then it becomes more appealing to blind steal in the cutoff.

Raising with the goal of deception

This play is another strategy that can be incorporated into your poker game when playing against tougher opponents, although it’s not really required when playing against weaker players who will pay you off regardless. In tougher games, raising weaker hands such as T9s in early position to create an element of deception becomes more appealing because thinking players will be assigning you hand ranges of what hands they expect you to realistically raise from that position.

Poker Hands Pre Flop Odds

If you are playing hands they wouldn’t expect you to be playing, then they can’t play the hand optimally against you, so when the other player calls and makes a big hand on the flop, you will likely win all your opposition's chips when they have a decent hand, since they will not be putting you on that hand.

In summary, it becomes easier to know when to raise before the flop, when you have a purpose of what you’re hoping to achieve.